# Hemorrhoids: What You Need to Know
Hemorrhoids are a common condition that affects many people around the world. They are swollen veins in the anus or lower rectum that can cause pain, itching, bleeding and discomfort. Hemorrhoids can be either internal or external, depending on where they develop. Internal hemorrhoids are inside the rectum and usually do not cause symptoms, unless they prolapse (stick out) or bleed during bowel movements. External hemorrhoids are under the skin around the anus and can be seen or felt. They may also form blood clots (thrombosis) that can be very painful.
Hemorrhoids are caused by increased pressure on the veins in the anal area, which can result from various factors, such as:
- Straining during bowel movements
- Sitting for long periods of time on the toilet
- Having chronic constipation or diarrhea
- Being obese
- Being pregnant
- Having anal intercourse
- Eating a low-fiber diet
- Regular heavy lifting
Hemorrhoids are more common in older adults, as the tissues that support the veins in the rectum and anus tend to weaken and stretch over time. However, anyone can get hemorrhoids at any age.
Hemorrhoids are usually not serious and often go away on their own without treatment. However, if they cause severe pain, bleeding, infection or do not improve after a week of home care, you should see your doctor for evaluation and treatment. Some of the possible treatments for hemorrhoids include:
- Over-the-counter creams, ointments, suppositories or pads that contain ingredients such as hydrocortisone or witch hazel to reduce inflammation and relieve itching
- Sitz baths, which involve soaking the anal area in warm water for 10 to 15 minutes several times a day
- Ice packs or cold compresses to reduce swelling and numb pain
- Oral pain relievers such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen or aspirin
- Fiber supplements or stool softeners to prevent constipation and ease bowel movements
- Drinking plenty of fluids to stay hydrated and avoid dehydration
- Avoiding spicy, fatty or acidic foods that may irritate the hemorrhoids
- Wiping gently with moistened toilet paper or baby wipes after bowel movements
- Using a bidet or a squirt bottle to clean the anal area instead of rubbing with toilet paper
- Wearing loose-fitting cotton underwear and clothing to prevent friction and moisture buildup
In some cases, hemorrhoids may require more invasive treatments, such as:
- Rubber band ligation, which involves placing a small rubber band around the base of an internal hemorrhoid to cut off its blood supply and make it shrink and fall off within a few days
- Sclerotherapy, which involves injecting a chemical solution into an internal hemorrhoid to scar and harden it, causing it to shrink and fall off within a few weeks
- Infrared coagulation, which involves using a device that emits infrared light to burn and seal off an internal hemorrhoid, causing it to shrink and fall off within a few days
- Hemorrhoidectomy, which involves surgically removing an external or large internal hemorrhoid under local or general anesthesia
- Stapled hemorrhoidopexy, which involves using a stapling device to lift and reposition an internal hemorrhoid and cut off its blood supply, causing it to shrink and fall off within a few days
Hemorrhoids can be prevented by adopting some lifestyle changes that can reduce the pressure on the veins in the anal area, such as:
- Eating a high-fiber diet that includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, nuts and seeds to promote regular bowel movements and prevent constipation
- Exercising regularly to improve blood circulation and strengthen the muscles in the pelvic area
- Losing weight if you are overweight or obese to reduce the strain on the veins in the rectum and anus
- Avoiding straining during bowel movements by not holding your breath or pushing too hard
- Avoiding sitting for long periods of time on the toilet or elsewhere by taking breaks and moving around every hour
- Avoiding lifting heavy objects or doing activities that increase abdominal pressure by using proper techniques or asking for help
- Practicing good hygiene by keeping the anal area clean and dry after bowel movements
Hemorrhoids are a common but treatable condition that can affect your quality of life. By knowing the symptoms, causes, treatments and prevention strategies for hemorrhoids, you can take steps to manage them effectively and avoid complications. If you have any questions or concerns about your hemorrhoids, talk to your doctor for advice and guidance.
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